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New Testament adage

"He who doesn't work, doesn't swallow" – Soviet poster issued in Uzbekistan, 1920

He who does not work, neither shall he eat is a New Testament aphorism traditionally attributed to Paul the Apostle, later cited by John Smith in the early on 1600s colony of Jamestown, Virginia, and past the Communist revolutionary Vladimir Lenin during the early 1900s Russian Revolution.

New Attestation [edit]

The adage is found in the 2d Epistle to the Thessalonians 3:10, the authorship of which is traditionally assigned to Paul the Apostle (with Silvanus and Timothy), where it reads:

εἴ τις οὐ θέλει ἐργάζεσθαι μηδὲ ἐσθιέτω

eí tis ou thélei ergázesthai mēdè esthiétō

that is,

If anyone is not willing to piece of work, let him non eat.^[i]

The Greek phrase οὐ θέλει ἐργᾰ́ζεσθαι ( ou thélei ergázesthai ) means "is not willing to work". Other English translations render this as "would"^[2] or "volition not piece of work",^[iii] using the archaic sense of "desire to, want to" for the verb "volition".

Jamestown [edit]

In the leap of 1609, John Smith cited the adage to the colonists of Jamestown:

Countrymen, the long feel of our late miseries I promise is sufficient to persuade everyone to a present correction of himself, And think not that either my pains nor the adventurers' purses will always maintain you in idleness and sloth...

...the greater role must exist more industrious, or starve...

You must obey this now for a law, that he that will not work shall non eat (except by sickness he be disabled). For the labors of thirty or forty honest and industrious men shall not be consumed to maintain a hundred and fifty idle loiterers.^[4]

Soviet Marriage [edit]

The motto in a 1920s Soviet poster

According to Vladimir Lenin, "He who does non work shall not eat" is a necessary principle nether socialism, the preliminary phase of the development towards communist society. The phrase appears in his 1917 piece of work, The State and Revolution. Through this slogan Lenin explains that in socialist states only productive individuals could be allowed access to the articles of consumption.

The socialist principle, "He who does non work shall non swallow", is already realized; the other socialist principle, "An equal amount of products for an equal corporeality of labor", is also already realized. But this is not yet communism, and it does not nonetheless cancel "bourgeois police force", which gives unequal individuals, in return for unequal (really unequal) amounts of labor, equal amounts of products. This is a "defect" according to Marx, but information technology is unavoidable in the offset stage of communism; for if nosotros are non to indulge in utopianism, nosotros must not think that having overthrown commercialism people will at one time learn to work for society without any rules of law. (Chapter 5, Section 3, "The First Phase of Communist Order")

In Lenin's writing, this was directed at the suburbia, as well as "those who shirk their work".^[v] ^{[half dozen]}

The principle was enunciated in the Russian Constitution of 1918,^[seven] and also article twelve of the 1936 Soviet Constitution:

In the USSR work is a duty and a matter of honor for every able-bodied citizen, in accordance with the principle: "He who does not work, neither shall he eat".

Joseph Stalin had quoted Vladimir Lenin during the Soviet famine of 1932–1933 declaring: "He who does not work, neither shall he consume."^[8] This perspective is argued by economic professor Michael Ellman to have influenced official policy during the famine, with those deemed to be idlers being disfavored in aid distribution as compared to those accounted "conscientiously working collective farmers";^[viii] in this vein, Olga Andriewsky states that Soviet archives indicate that aid in Ukraine was primarily distributed to preserve the collective farm system and only the nearly productive workers were prioritized for receiving it.^[nine] Criticizing Stalin, Leon Trotsky wrote that: "The erstwhile principle: who does non work shall non eat, has been replaced with a new ane: who does not obey shall not eat."^[10]

See too [edit]

From each co-ordinate to his ability, to each according to his needs
There ain't no such matter as a free lunch
To each according to his contribution
Workfare

References [edit]

^ 2 Thessalonians 3:x ESV
^ King James Bible
^ American Standard Bible
^ Thompson, John (2007). The Journals of Helm John Smith: A Jamestown Biography. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic. p. 139. ISBN978-1426200557.
^ Vladimir Lenin. "How to Organise Contest?". Collected Works. Vol. 26. Progress Publishers. pp. 404–15.
^ Vladimir Lenin (22 May 1918). "Alphabetic character to the Petrograd Soviet". On The Famine.
^ Article 2, Chapter 5, Point 18
^ ^a ^b Ellman, Michael (June 2007). "Stalin and the Soviet dearth of 1932–33 Revisited" (PDF). Europe-Asia Studies. Routledge. 59 (4): 663–693. doi:10.1080/09668130701291899. S2CID 53655536. Archived from the original on 14 October 2007.
^ Andreiwsky, Olga (2015). "Towards a Decentred History: The Study of the Holodomor and Ukrainian Historiography". East/West: Journal of Ukrainian Studies. two (one): 17. doi:x.21226/T2301N. Finally, new studies have revealed the very selective — indeed, highly politicized — nature of state aid in Ukraine in 1932–1933. Soviet authorities, every bit we know, took keen pains to guarantee the supply of food to the industrial workforce and to certain other categories of the population — Ruby-red Regular army personnel and their families, for instance. As the latest research has shown, notwithstanding, in the leap of 1933, famine relief itself became an ideological instrument. The aid that was provided in rural Ukraine at the height of the Famine, when much of the population was starving, was directed, first and foremost, to 'conscientious' collective farm workers — those who had worked the highest number of workdays. Rations, equally the sources attest, were allocated in connection with jump sowing). The majority of aid was delivered in the form of grain seed that was 'lent' to collective farms (from reserves that had been seized in Ukraine) with the stipulation that information technology would exist repaid with interest. State aid, information technology seems clear, was aimed at trying to salve the collective subcontract system and a workforce necessary to maintain it. At the very same time, Party officials announced a campaign to root out 'enemy elements of all kinds who sought to exploit the nutrient problems for their own counter-revolutionary purposes, spreading rumours about the famine and various 'horrors'. Famine relief, in this fashion, became still another way to determine who lived and who died.
^ Leon Trotsky (1936) The Revolution Betrayed Chapter xi: Whither the Soviet Union?